Furnace wall



O. NYGAARD July 31, 1934.

FURNACE WALL Filed DeG. 18, 1931 3 SheaJars--Shfzeil l IN VENTDR ATTURNEY. l

July 31, 1934. Q NYGAARD 1,968,615

FURNACE WALL Filed Deo. 18, 1931 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Figa Hg July 31, 1934. o. NYGAARD 1,968,615

FURNACE WALL Filed DeC. 18, 1951 i153 Sheets-Sheet 3 Patented July 31, 1934 n sTATesi UNTT OFFICE This invention relates to furnace walls and is more especially concerned with that type of wall in which a structural steel frame is used to carry a considerable part, or all, of the weight of thev 5 wall. y

Itis the chief object of the invention to improve furnace walls of the structural steel supported type with a view to reducing the weight of metal required in the wall, facilitating the erection and repair of such walls, and devising a construction which can readily be adapted to the requirements of different installations.

The nature ofthe invention will be readily understood from` the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawings, and the novel features will be particularly pointed out in the appendedclaims.

In the drawings,

Figure 1 is a front elevation of a small section of a furnace wall constructed in accordance with this invention, `illustrating the Wall in the process of erection;

Fig. 2 is a vertical, sectionalview of the structure shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of one of the brackets used in the wall illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, and shows also the manner` in which the horizontal bars may be assembled with or removed from i the bracket;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal sectional View of a portion of the wall shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 is a Vertical, sectional View illustrating a construction which may be used at the top of the wall;

Fig. 6 is a plan view of `one of the bottom bars for connecting the members of an adjacent pair of brackets;` and Fig; 7 is a front View of the parts shown in Fig. 6.

Referring more especially to Figs. 2 and 3 it will be seen that the wall structure there shown comprises an inner or front wall section A, an outer or rear wall section B, and an intermediate air space C which separates said front and rear sections A and B. The front section or facing of the wall is exposed to the lire and forms one wall of the combustion chamber.

The rear wall section i3l includes a structural steel frame which comprises upright posts 2 and horizontal beams 3 bolted or rveted'to the posts 2, both of these `structural steel members being of channel or I section, as desired. VThis rear section as shown also includes a brick wall 4 which is 'supported on the horizontal beams 3 Vand 'an insulating section Sbehind the Wall 4 and backed up by a sheet metal shell or casing 6.

It is contemplated that the rear section B will be relatively permanent since it is protected from the disintegrating action of the high temperature gases in the combustion chamber, but that the lining which is subjected to the action of said gases will require repair or renewal from time to time. This lining is composed chieiiy of bricks or blocks 7 which may be made of iire clay or any other suitable refractory material. In order to facilitate the replacement or repair of this section of the wall without disturbing'the rear Wall section B, the front section is constructed in panels which are relatively independent of each other and each panel is arranged to be supported by a pair of brackets 8.

Referring more especially to Figs. 2 and 3 it will be seen that each bracket includes an upright elongated beam section d and a relatively heavy arm b which extends rearwardly from an intermediate point in the length of the beam section a and is hooked on to one of the horizontal bars 3. A row ofthese brackets is mounted on each beam 3 and the beam sections a, of each row are located substantially in vertical alinement with each other. Each bracket thus can swing about the edge of the beam 3 over which it is hooked, and in order to facilitate the'initial adjustment of the brackets into alinement with each other the enlarged or rest portion c of the bracket in which the slot d is formed to receive the edge ofthe flange is provided near its lower edge with two bolts 10 positioned to bear against the lower part of the flange of the beam 3. By turning these bolts inwardly the bracket 8 may be swung in a clockwise direction, Fig. 2, about the edge of the beam angeon which it rests, so that it can readily be brought into initial alinement with the other brackets. Each bracket is held in its alined position by blocks or bricks 12, Fig. 2, resting partly on the foot e on the lower end of the bracket and partly on an angle iron member 13, Fig. 2, which is bolted or riveted to the upright posts 2 and which may be made of any suitable length. Considering any two adjacent brackets in horizontal alinement with each other as forming a pair, it will be observed that the lower ends of` the brackets are connected together by a bar14. The opposite ends of this bar rest on the foot por,- tions e of the two brackets and arebolted loosely`` to them, as best shown in Fig. 6, one of the bolts passing through a slot in the end of the bar 14 so that some relative movement of the brackets toward and from each other due to expansion and contraction is permitted. This bar 14 supports the entire weight of all of the blocks in one panel and itis so designed as to be very stiff, strong and rigid, having somewhat the construction of a truss, as shown in Figs. 2, 6 and '7. The lowermost row of blocks in a panel rests directly on one of these bars 14, all of these blocks or bricks being grooved on their lower side, as indicated in 15, Fig. 2, to receive a flange or rib 16 which projects from the upper side of the bar 14.

Additional courses of blocks 7 laid one on the other are included in each panel and these rows are held in alinement with the bottom row and with each other by means of bars 17 of T-shape sectional form, as clearly shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the opposite ends of each bar resting in slots or sockets f formed in opposite sides of the beam section a of the two adjacent brackets 8. In the particular construction shown there are three of these sockets in each side of each beam section a and the sockets on one side lie directly opposite and in alinement with the respective sockets on the opposite side. Consequently, in laying up any individual panel after the lowermost course cf blocks 7 has been placed in position, a bar 17 is next laid horizontally on top of this lowermost course with the middle flange of the bar lying horizontally and the end flange vertically. The latter flange enters the grooves 15 in the upper edges of the courses of blocks already laid. The second course of blocks is then placed in position, after which another bar 17 is placed on them, in the-manner above described, with its ends located in the slots f-f of the two brackets, these operations being repeated until the entire panel is completed, with the exception of the course of key blocks or filler blocks 18. rThis horizontal course of key blocks is placed in position after all the others have been located and a yielding packing 20 of asbestos, magnesia, or some other suitable material, then is driven into the relatively narrow space surrounding each panel and separating it from the next adjacent panel. The key bricks are held in place simply by their tongue and grooved connection with the uppermost course of blocks 7 and by the presence of the packing joint imediately above them. The packing yields sufiiciently to allow each panel to expand and contract with changes in temperature. At the same time it protects the structural metal members 114 and 8 which lie immediately behind the packing joints, as will be evident from an inspection of Fig. 4. These packings also prevent any substantial flow of air or gases through the front section or lining a of the wall between adjacent panels. This is an important advantage when air is circulated through the space c for the purpose of cooling the lining, preheating the air, or for any other reason.

When it becomes necessary to repair any section of the furnace lining or facing, or to replace a broken brick in any section of the facing, it is simply necessary to dig out the packing 2() above the row of key bricks 18 for that section, then to withdraw these bricks and remove enough of the blocks '7 in that particular panel to permit access to the broken block'. or to the region which must. be repaired. When the broken block has been replaced or the other repairs completed, the rest of the panel may then be built up by following the same procedure used in installing the panel initially.

At the upper edge of the refractory section of the wall a masonry section may be built in any one of several ways. For example, a wide channel 22, Fig. 2, may be secured to the posts 2, this channel being used to support the masonry wall above the refractory section and independent of it.

A slightly different arrangement is shown in Fig. 5 in which the bracket 8 is like the bracket 8 except that it is cut off just above the level of the upper pair of slots f, and a T-bar 23 is supported in these slots. A cap plate 24 rests on these T- bars and on an angle bar 25 which is bolted or riveted to the posts 2', and supports the masonry section 26 of the wall. This cap plate 24 may be made in sections and it may also be used to assist in holding each bracket 8 in its upright position. As shown in Fig. 5 it is provided at one edge with a ange 27 to hook over the angle bar 25 and at its opposite edge with lugs 28 to hook over the upper end of the bracket 8.

In some cases itis desirable to build a horizontal baflies in the wall between the front and rear sections. This may be done either by locating rows of bricks 12 on the bars 13 and 14, as shown in Fig. 2, or a metal baiiie 30, Fig. 5, may be provided for this purpose, the edges of this baffle resting on the bars 13 and 14, while lugs 31 Welded to it bear against the edges of the plates 13 and 14 and cooperate with these parts to hold the brackets 8 in their upright positions. This bailling may be made to suit the requirements of any individual installation. l

Itwill now be evident that this invention provides a construction in which a relatively low ratio is possible between the weight of the structural metal parts and the area of the refractory surface exposed at the re face of the wall. The nature of the construction is such that relatively few special parts are required for any ordinary installation. In this construction also each horizontal row of panels may be placed independently of the positions of the next adjacent row, thus avoiding an objection which has been found to exist with some prior constructions. In other words, the panels may either be staggered or made to register with those above or below them, as desired.

While I have herein shown and described a typical embodiment of my invention, it will be understood that the invention may be embodied in other forms without departing from the spirit or scope thereof.

Having thus described my invention, what I desire to claim as new is:

1. In a furnace wall, the combination of a structural steel frame at the back of the wall, said frame including horizontal supporting members, a plurality of brackets mounted on said members and held in a substantially upright plane, each of said brackets including an elongated upright member at the forward part thereof and an arm projecting rearwardly from an intermediate point in the length of said member and releasably mounted on one of the supporting members in said steel frame, bars fastened to the lower portions of and connecting the members of each pair of adjacent brackets, said bars serving to hold said brackets spaced apart but permitting a slight relative movement of said brackets t0- ward and from each other, additional bars located one above the other between each pair of adjacent brackets, said additional bars being supported on and connecting said brackets, and refractory blocks in the front section of said wall engaging said bars and held by the bars in alinement with each other at the re side of said wall.

2. A furnace wallstructure according to preceding claim l including means independent of said brackets and frame but cooperating with them to support said brackets against tipping movement. i

3. In a furnace wall having front and rear wall sections, the combination of a structural steel frame in said rear section, said frame including horizontal beams, a plurality of brackets mounted on said frame substantially in horizontal alinement with each other, eachlof said brackets including an approximately upright 'elongated member and an arm extending rearwardly from an intermediate point in the length of said member and supported on one of said beams, a bottom horizontal bar connecting each pair oi adjacent brackets and secured to them near their lower ends, additional horizontal bars connecting each pair of adjacent brackets and located parallel to said bottom bar and spaced vertically from it and from each other, a course of refractory blocks resting on said bottom bar, and additional courses of refractory blocks located above said iirst mentioned co-urse and held in alinement with each other and with said bottom course by their engagement with said additional bars.

4.-. A bracket for furnace wall construction comprising a beam having a supporting arm estend-` ing therefrom at an intermediate point in the length of said beam, and sockets formed in the opposite sides of said beam and each adapted to support one end of a bar.

5. A bracket for furnace wall construction comprising a beam having a supporting arm extending therefrom at an intermediate point in the length of said beam, a laterally extending foot on the lower end of said beam, and a plurality of sockets formed in said beam at each side thereof, the sockets at one side of said beam being approximately in line, respectively, with those on the other side thereof.

6. A bracket for furnace wall construction comprising a beam having a supporting arm extending therefrom at an intermediate point in the length of said beam, said arm having a thickened and slotted part forming a hook, and a plurality of sockets formed in said beam at each side thereof, the sockets at one side of said beam being approximately in line, respectively, with those on the other side thereof.

7. A bracket for furnace wall construction comprising a beam having a supporting arm extending rearwardly therefrom, said arm having a thickened and slotted part forming a hook to engage the flange of a supporting beam, and a bolt threaded through said thickened part to bear against said beam.

8. In a furnace wall, the combination of a structural steel frame for the back of the wall, a plurality of brackets mounted on said frame and held in a substantially upright plane, each of said brackets including an elongated upright member at the forward part thereof and an arm projecting rearwardly from said member and releasably mounted on said frame, a plurality of horizontal bars supported on and connecting the members of each pair of adjacent brackets, the wall facing including refracto-ry blocks located at the re side of the wall and held in alinement with each other by their engagement with said bars, additional horizontal bars connecting the upper ends of said brackets, and a cap plate connecting said bars and said frame and supported i on them.

9. In a furnace wall comprising front and rear Wall sections with an air space between them, the combination of a structural steel frame in said rear section, said frame including horizontal beams arranged one above another and spaced apart, a plurality of brackets supported on said beams, each of said brackets including an upright elongated portion located in the front wall section and an arm extending rearwardly from an intermediate point in said elongated portion and projecting across said air space and removably mounted on one of said horizontal beam-s, horizontal bars connecting adjacent brackets and mounted on them, and refractory blocks located in said front wall section, at the lire side of the wall and held in place by said bars.

l0. In a furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections with an air space between them, the combination of a structural steel frame in said rear section, said frame including horizontal beams arranged one above another and spaced apart, a. plurality ci brackets supported on said beams, each ci said brackets including an upright elongated portion located in the front wall section and an arm extending rearwardly from an intermediate point in said elongated portion and projecting across said air space and removably mounted on one of said horizontal beams, said brackets being arranged in horizontal rows in which the individual brackets are spaced apart, one of said rows being above another and the brackets in the lower rows being positioned directly under those in the upper rows, horizontal bars supported on and connecting adjacent brackets, and refractory blocks located in said front wall section the nre side of the wall and held in place by said bars.

11. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections, said front section including aplurality of panels located closely adjacent to each other in approximately adjoining relationship and each including a horizontal course of refractory bricks, horizontal bars for holding said courses of bricks in alinement in said wall, brackets spaced apart horizontally and on which said bars are mounted for expansion and contraction relatively to the brackets, the bricks in said courses being disengageable from their respective bars by an upward movement, courses of key bricks cooperating, respectively, with the previcusly mentioned courses of bricks to lock the latter bricks against disengagement from their respective bars, said key bricks being readily removable from the wall at there side thereof to permit the removal of the other bricks from said wall at said iire side without disturbing the rear wall section, a structural steel frame in said rear wall section on which said brackets are release.- bly supported, and means additional to said brackets for holding the portions of said brackets which support said bars spaced from said rear wall section.

l2. A furnace wall comprising front and rear wall sections, said front section including a plurality of panels located closely adjacent to each other in approximately adjoining relationship and each including a horizontal course of refractory bricks, horizontal bars for holding said courses of bricks in alinement in said wall, brackets spaced apart horizontally and on which said bars are mounted for expansion and contraction relatively to the brackets, the bricks in said courses being disengageable from their respective bars by an upward movement, courses of key bricks cooperating, respectively, with the previously mentioned courses of bricks to lock the latter bricks against disengagement from their respective bars, expansion joints separating adjacent panels from each other while permitting expansion and contraction of the panels both vertically and horizontally with reference to each other, said expansion joints including means for preventing any substantial flow of gases from the combustion chamber through said front section at points between adjacent panels, a structural steel frame in said rear wall section on which said brackets are removably mounted, and means additional to said brackets for holding the portions of said brackets which support said bars spaced from said rear wall section.

13. In a furnace wall, the combination of an upwardly extending bracket comprising an elongated front section and a supporting arm extending rearwardly therefrom at an intermediate point in the length of said front section, a support for said arm, and screw threaded means for adjusting the angular tilt of said bracket with reference to said support.

14. In a furnace wall, the combination of a refractory brick facing, a structural steel frame at the rear of said facing, said frame including horizontally extending beam sections, and brackets for supporting the elements of said refractory face ing in alinernent in the wall, said brackets having parts resting on and supported by said beam section and also having means for adjusting their tilt or angle relatively to said frame.

15. In a furnace wall, the combination of a refractory brick facing, a structural steel frame at the rear of said facing, said frame including horizontally extending beam sections, brackets for supporting the elements of said refractory facing in alinement in the wall, said brackets having parts resting on and supported by said beam sections, and means for holding said brack-v gated section in alinement with said facing and a rearwardly extending arm located at an intermediate point in the length of said elongated section and supported on one of said horizontally extending beams.

17. In a furnace Wall, the combination of a structural steel frame at the back of the wall including horizontal beam sections, a plurality of brackets mounted on said frame and held in a substantially upright plane, each of said brackets including an elongated substantially upright member at the forward part thereof and an arm projecting rearwardly from an intermediate point in the length of said member and mounted on one of said beam sections, a plurality of horizontal bars supported on and connecting the members of each pair of adjacent brackets, and a wall facing including refractory blocks located at the nre side of the wall and held in alinement with each other by their engagement with said bars.

OSCAR NYGAARD. 

